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Main Processes for Processing Manufactured Sand and Gravel
Wet processing technology
The wet processing method involves water washing during material screening and crushing, using washers for coarse and fine aggregates to remove fines. This method is typically employed when the raw material contains a high proportion of clay or soft particles; it can also be used to reduce the fines content in the finished sand and gravel by removing excess fines. Depending on the characteristics of the clay present in the raw material, sand and gravel washing can be carried out either by screen-surface rinsing or by using dedicated sand-and-gravel washing machines. The specific washing method to be adopted should be determined through a comprehensive analysis that takes into account factors such as the degree of clay content in the raw material, the nature of the clay, and the required processing capacity. The advantages of the wet process include low dust pollution and high efficiency in water-based screening and washing. Its disadvantages are high water consumption, high costs for recovering fine fines from manufactured sand and gravel and for wastewater treatment, significant losses of fine fines, difficulty in dewatering the finished product, and, when using vertical impact crushers to produce manufactured sand, a relatively low sand yield. The wet process is well suited to southern regions with high temperatures and abundant water resources, but less suitable for northern regions where water resources are severely limited and freezing conditions prevail in winter.
Dry-process production technology
Dry-process production refers to a manufacturing approach in which, with the exception of spray-water used in a few dust-collection stages, water is virtually not employed throughout the entire production line. Its advantages include: minimal or no water usage, reduced loss of fines, primarily serving raw-material cleaning, high sand yield, and low fines content—making it well suited for manufactured-sand-and-gravel systems. Its disadvantages are: 1) when the raw material has high moisture content or a high clay content, fine aggregates can be difficult to screen through, leading to clay or fine-particle levels that exceed relevant standards; 2) dry processing generates substantial dust at each processing stage, resulting in high capital and operating costs for dust-collection systems; and 3) without an installed fine-particle separation device, the finished sand may exceed the permissible limit for fine-particle content. In northern China, where summer droughts are severe and winter temperatures plunge below freezing, dry processing is particularly well adapted. As environmental protection requirements in China have become progressively stricter—and especially as the cement industry has expanded into large-scale sand-and-gravel-aggregate processing—the industrialization of sand-and-gravel-aggregate plants has advanced further. The newly promulgated “Design Code for Manufactured-Sand-and-Gravel-Aggregate Plants” GB 51186–2016 places strong emphasis on recommending dry-processing technology.
Semi-dry production process
The semi-dry processing method generally refers to a production process that combines wet and dry stages: pre-screening is carried out using wet methods while controlling the moisture content of the discharged material, whereas the shaping, sand-making, and screening system employs dry-process technology. The advantages include lower water consumption compared with fully wet processes, reduced wastewater treatment volume, minimal loss of fines, and less dust pollution. The main drawback is that, after being washed with water, the raw material for sand making must undergo mechanical dewatering or prolonged natural drying to ensure that its moisture content does not exceed 3% before entering the sand-making machine; otherwise, the sand yield and screening efficiency will be low. This method is particularly suitable for producing sand used in hydraulic roller-compacted concrete dams, where the raw material has low silt content and the finished sand is required to have a high fines content.
Main Equipment for Processing Manufactured Sand and Gravel
Regardless of whether dry, wet, or semi-dry processes are employed, the primary equipment for crushing, screening, and sand-making in manufactured sand and gravel production is virtually the same.
The typical processing equipment sequence is: feeder – soil removal – primary crushing – secondary and fine crushing – screening – shaping and sand making – screening – fine powder separation.
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Complete Equipment Solutions for High-Quality Manufactured Sand Production
Sand and gravel aggregates account for 70% of the concrete’s volume and 80% of its mass. Producing high-quality manufactured sand and gravel aggregates for concrete not only meets the stringent requirements of high-standard concrete production, enhances concrete quality and performance, reduces slump loss, minimizes pumping pressure loss, and decreases the frequency of pump blockages and the maintenance time and costs associated with mixing and pumping equipment, but also effectively lowers concrete production costs and boosts the economic profitability of ready-mixed concrete enterprises…
Crushing equipment
Jaw Crusher Single Cylinder Hydraulic Cone Crusher
Screening equipment
Circular Vibrating Screen Dewatering Screen
Feeding equipment
Feeding equipment
Selecting Ore-Washing Equipment
Trough Washer Belt Conveyor Flotation Machine Rod Mill Spiral Classifier Mixing Barrel
It boasts advantages such as robust durability, energy efficiency, simple maintenance, minimal upkeep requirements, multi-functionality in a single machine, a high crushing ratio, and strong adaptability to various operating conditions.
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Guangxi Nanke Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd
Address: No.365, Liushi Road,New town Industrial Park,Liujiang District, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, China
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Guangxi Yuanhai Mining Group Co., Ltd.
Guangxi Nanke Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd
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